Histopathological study of placenta in association with thyroid dysfunction, in view of pre-eclampsia/eclampsia: a case control study

Dr. Reeta Kataruka; Dr. P.K. Jitesh; Dr. C.P. Bhale

Volume : IX, Issue : VII, July - 2020

Histopathological study of placenta in association with thyroid dysfunction, in view of pre-eclampsia/eclampsia: a case control study

Dr. Reeta Kataruka, Dr. P. K. Jitesh, Dr. C. P. Bhale

Abstract :

Objectives To study the histo-morphology of placenta in association with thyroid dysfunction in Pre- eclampsia / Eclampsia patients, in relation to the birth weight of the baby. Methods Study was conducted in the dept. of Pathology over a period of 1 month. Cases and controls were defined on the basis of 3rd trimester TSH level of the ANC patients. Patients with TSH outside the normal range for 3rd trimester (0.3-3.1 mIU/L) were considered as cases. 17 cases and 33 controls were defined out of a total study population of 50. Histopathology report of the resected placenta specimens were obtained. Clinical details like diagnosis of mother and birth weight of baby were obtained. Finally, the placental histo-morphology, mother�s diagnosis and baby birth weight were correlated. Results Among the cases, 10 patients (59%) were diagnosed pre-eclampsia, as compared to 5 (15%) among controls. With respect to histology, hemorrhage in the placenta was seen more among cases (15/17; 88%) as compared to controls (51%). Calcification was more among controls (51% vs 29%). No significant differences were noted among other characteristics like placental weight, infarction, chorangiosis, syncytial knots and villitis. 65% (11/17) babies born to cases had Low birth weight (<2.5 kg) compared to 36% in controls. Conclusion The incidence of pre-eclampsia is high among mothers with thyroid dysfunction. This is subsequently reflected in the increased incidence of low birth weight babies. So, we strongly emphasize the importance of thyroid screening in all ANC patients.