<p> BACKGROUND: Bile duct injury(BDI) is becoming topic of interest because of incidence of it increases over period due to new era of laparoscopic surgery. BDI can occur following open cholecystectomy, laparoscopic cholecystectomy, nontraditional cholecystectomy {including NOTES ( natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery), SILS (single incision laparoscopic surgery)}, biliary, reconstructive operation, gastric resection, hepatic resection and BDI can even occur in blunt or penetrating injury over abdomen. The ease of management, operative risk, and outcome of bile duct injuries vary considerably, and are highly dependent on the type of injury and its location. DATASOURCES: Medline, PubMed database search was performed to identify relevant articles using the keywords "bile duct injury", "cholecystectomy", and “classification”. RESULTS: Bile duct injury during laparoscopic cholecystectomy tends to be more severe than those with open cholecystectomy. Strasberg’s classification made Bismuth’s classification much more comprehensive by including various other types of extrahepatic bile duct injuries.</p>