India is land of villages. Majority of the population has been residing in the rural areas and they depend on agriculture for their livelihood security. The economic and social condition of the rural people is not good. There are problems that greatly affect the social welfare of the people. In this situation promoting social welfare among the public is a prime duty. Increasing social welfare of the people requires a more equitable distribution of developmental benefits along with the better environment. For India to become a developed nation it is absolutely essential to provide the rural population the same quality of life education, opportunities, employment, besides adequate access to energy and quality water is enjoyed by people living in urban areas so that there is equitable distribution. In the absence of these, the cascading effects of poverty, unemployment, poor and inadequate infrastructure in rural areas is reflected in urban centers eventually due to migration of population. In view of this, there is a need for equitable rural development providing economic growth, improvement in the living standard of rural people by providing adequate and quality social services and basic needs. With this backdrop the present paper made an attempt to explain the role the of science and technology in the rural development.