Dietary Calcium intake and Bone Mineral Density in Perimenopausal and Postmenopausal Women.

Dr. Anurdha R. Nisal; Dr. Sabiha A.Vali

Volume : X, Issue : IV, April - 2020

Dietary Calcium intake and Bone Mineral Density in Perimenopausal and Postmenopausal Women.

Dr. Anurdha R. Nisal, Dr. Sabiha A. Vali

Abstract :

Introduction: Menopause, one of most challenging phase of a woman’s life typically occurs in a woman’s late 40’s to early 50’s. Menopause has been linked to reduction in lean mass and BMD both of which are directly related to a reduced output of ovarian hormones that is differentiated from the aging process. One of the risk factors for bone loss, and thus the development of osteoporosis, is an inadequate dietary intake of nutrients important to bones. Dietary calcium, protein as well as phosphorus and vitamin D play an active role in bone metabolism. The aim of the present investigation was to study the association between dietary intake of calcium and bone mineral density in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. Methods: The target population was 100 women–50 each in perimenopausal (Age 40years and above) and postmenopausal (Age 40–70 years) status. The dietary adequacy with respect to major minerals viz. calcium, phosphorus and magnesium was assessed using valid questionnaire. Diet survey was done with the help of 24 hours recall method. BMD at A.P. Spine (L1–L4), femoral neck, fore arm (left and right), was measured (G.E. Lunar US, Pencil Beam Scan). Results: The mean age at menopause was seen to be 49 years ± 3.29. The calcium intake of subjects in both the groups was found to be grossly deficient and meeting only 50–60% of the requirement. Significant correlation existed between calcium intake and BMD at AP spine in the perimenopausal subjects. In contrast the correlation was found to be significant at all sites in postmenopausal subjects. Conclusion: It was concluded that environmental factors, diet, especially calcium intake, life style, physical exercise, and exposure to sunlight influence the BMD status in peri and postmenopausal women.