Background: The aim of study was to find risk factors leading to anemia and to observe the impact of anemia on mother and perinatal outcomes among study participants. Materials and methods: This is a prospective case control study in a tertiary care hospital to evaluate risk factors leading to anemia in pregnancy and the consequent maternal morbidity and perinatal outcome. Two groups were made Group A cases and Group B controls. Each group had 50 cases each. Females having Hb <11gm/dl were considered anemic and included in Group A and females having Hb >11gm/dl were considered controls and included in Group B. Results: The mean haemoglobin(Hb) was 11. 604 gm/dl in controls, whereas it was 6. 808gm/dl among the cases. Nature of diet, family size, interpregnancy intervals, education, family income, gravida, parity, number of antenatal visits were the main factors associated with anemia in pregnancy. Anemic pregnant mothers had low birth weight babies, complications and more neonatal morbidity. Conclusion: We found that there was significant association between anemia and low birth weight babies, preterm deliveries, age group, education level, gravida and number of antenatal visits.