Microorganisms present in dental plaque are the main cause of periodontal disease which is affected by host microbial interactions, predominantly polymorpho nuclear leukocytes (PMNs) are decreased in number and function. Sickle cell anemia is one such condition which is associated with decreased resistance to infections, neutrophil abnormalities and microgiopathies. Hence, the aim of the study was to assess the periodontal status of Sickle cell anemic patients residing at Rajnandgaon district of Chhattisgarh state, India.A Cross sectional comparative study was conducted among sickle cell anemic patients attending Government district hospitals of Rajnandgaon, Chhattisgarh, India. A total of 304 sickle cell anemic patients aged 15 to 45 years were included in the study. They were compared with 304 non–sickle subjects of similar age group derived from normal population from the same area. Community Periodontal Index (CPI) and Loss of Attachment (LOA) were used to record the periodontal status.Among 304 (100%) sickle cell anemic subjects, 178 were males and 126 females. Majority of study subjects (33%) among sickle cell anemic patients had CPI score 2, and among non–sickle (34%) had CPI score 1. Pocket depth [CPI score 3 & 4] were statistically significant among sickle and non–sickle cell anemic patients.

Significant relationship between sickle cell disease and periodontal disease has been demonstrated in our study so appropriate dental care should be given to sickle cell anemic patient to improve oral health and quality of life.