Background: Thyroid surgery is one of the commonest surgical procedures , done by surgeons done all over the world. Hypocalcaemia is one of the many complications associated with thyroidectomy. Parathyroid is the most important regulator of serum calcium. Hypoparathyroidism is the most commonly seen after total and near total thyroidectomy. Materials and methods: This cross–sectional study was conducted in 2014 in the department of surgery, medical college, Trivandrum, after getting institutional ethics committee approval. Inclusion criteria: All  patients posted for thyroidectomy in all units in the department were eligible for the study. All patients over the age of 13 and less than the age of 80 were included in the study. Exclusion criteria: Patients with previous neck operation, history of thyroidectomy and those posted for neck dissection along with thyroidectomy were excluded from the study. Result: There was a higher prevalence of hypocalcemia in the total thyroidectomy group compared with the subtotal thyroidectomy group(25% versus 16.7%), but was not statistically significant. Discussion: The prevalence of hypocalcemia in our study was 22 percent. In the literature, there is wide variation in the reported incidence of hypocalcemia ranging from 2 percent to 80 percent.