The distribution patterns of different types of leukemia patients in catchment area of Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi,India  was studied. This cross–sectional observational study was done for the screening of leukemia both clinically and hematologically and carried out during the period of 2009–2010. Patients was interviewed. Thorough physical examination was done Blood tests namely haemoglobin estimation, total and differential leukocyte count, platelets count, reticulocyte count and peripheral blood smear examination stained with Lieshman & Giemsa was done. Requisition for Bone marrow examination was suggested in few selected cases. Peripheral blood smear (PBS) was done with special precaution and supportive technique. A total of 46 cases of suspected leukaemia cases were selected. Chronic Myeloid Leukemia showed the highest incidence (34.7 %), followed by Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (15.2%), Acute Myeloid Leukemia (10.8%) and Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (8.6 %). 13cases (28.26%) suspected were turned showed Leukemoid reaction. PBS can be used as a screening tool for earlier diagnosis of Leukemia.