B–cell CLL is the most common type of leukemia occurring worldwide. There has been significant advancement in our understanding of the biology, immunology, and modalities of treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) in the last decade. B–cell CLL is characterized by progressive defects in both cell–mediated and humoral–mediated immunity. Data collected from various surveys has pointed out that CLL patients are at high risk of developing a large variety of second malignant neoplasms. The occurrence of 2 or more second cancers is increasingly being reported in the context of CLL. Increased awareness regarding the disease process and possible treatment modalities is required for a better clinical scenario.