Background : Bone marrow examination is an important diagnostic procedure to evaluate both neoplastic and non–neoplastic haematological diseases. The aim of the present study was to correlate bone marrow aspiration and biopsy findings in various haematological disorders. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective study of 50 cases from Oct 2003 to March 2006 at JSSMC, Mysore. All the the 50 patients with various haematological disorders were evaluated by bone marrow aspiration and biopsy. The findings and diagnosis on aspirate and biopsy were compared to each other. Results : Out of 50 cases, 43(86%) cases were diagnosed by aspiration alone, where as 49(98%) by aspiration and biopsy. 7 (14%)cases were dry taps on aspiration which was seen in Acute Leukemia, Lymphoproliferative disorder and Myeloproliferative disorder. Conclusion: Both aspiration cytology and trephine biopsy complement each other to evaluate haematological disorders. Cellular details are better seen in aspiration whereas cellular architecture is well preserved in biopsy. Bone marrow biopsy is the diagnostic investigation in dry tap cases which occurs when the marrow is fibrotic or densely cellular.