Root canal treatment historically was performed in multiple visits mainly to ensure sterility of root canal system prior to obturation. To ensure complete sterilization of the root canal system intracanal medicaments were used. In addition to killing bacteria, these agents were found to be highly irritating to the peri–radicular tissues. Overzealous use of these medicaments led to postoperative complications. This led to the debate if root canal treatment could be completed in a single visit and overcome the disadvantages associated with multi visit treatment. This article highlights the clinician’s ability and experience to perform single visit endodontics, the necessity of proper time and auxiliary utilization, the importance specific case selection, indications and contraindications, advantages and disadvantages of single visit endodontics