Background: Ear, nose and throat disease remain a common diseases in children in developing countries. It is usually wrongly or late diagnosed or complicated at presentation to Otorhinolaryngologist. This study aimed at determines the common ear, nose and throat diseases and their prevalence in  children at studied age group with possible responsible factor. Materials and method: It is a prospective study of pupils in a private nursery (preschool) and primary school in urban area of Lagos, Nigeria. Inform consent was obtained from parent or guardian through the parent–teachers association of the school. A total of 512 consented subjects were enrolled into the study between March 2015 and February 2016. Data obtained were collated and statistically analyzed using SPSS version 16. Results: A total of 512 pupils were enrolled into the study with male: female ratio 1:1. Commonest age group were 0–5 years. Normal otorhinolaryngological findings was noted in minority population 71 (13.9%) of our enrollee. Ear, nose and throat diseases accounted for 54.1%, 55.3% and 18.0% respectively. Earwax impaction 23.0% accounted for the commonest ear pathology. Other common ear diseases were otitis media with effusion, hearing loss and otitis externa were 15.0%, 8.3% and 5.1% respectively. Nasal diseases were found to be  26.2%, allergic rhinitis 12.1%, infective rhinitis and  9.4% adenoid enlargement. Distribution of throat diseases were 9.0% tonsillitis and 5.5%speech disorders. About 98.0% had past history of ear, nose or throat diseases treated by 60.9% family physician, 20.1% paediatrician and 87 (17.0%) of the participants has had otorhinolaryngological consultation in life and 16 (3.1%) had either major or minor ear, nose and throat surgery before. There is scarcity of ear, nose and throat care centre and otolaryngologist and their services. Conclusion: Preventable ear, nose and throat diseases were  common among school children. Routine annual school otorhinolaryngological screening is recomended for preschool and school children.