Background: Anemia during adolescence contributes to maternal, fetal morbidity and mortality in future. Tribal population is vulnerable and underserved wherein it is indeed essential to explore anemia among tribal adolescent girls to prevent future morbidity and maternal mortality. Objectives: To assess the prevalence of anemia and risk factors among tribal adolescent girls in Javvadu hills in Thiruvannamalai, Tamil Nadu. Materials and Methods: A cross–sectional study was conducted among 200 tribal adolescent girls in Jamanamarathur Block of Javvadu hills in Thiruvannamalai during January 2017. Socio–demographic and anthropometric details were obtained and Hemoglobin was estimated using Cyan method. Statistical analysis was done using IBM SPSS version 21. Results: Overall prevalence of anemia was 76%. About 7% had severe anemia. Age, menstruation, barefoot walking, poor awareness and under–nutrition were the significant factors. Conclusion: Health education, proper utilization of health services and timely intervention will alleviate this public health problem among tribal adolescent girls.