Temporomandibular joint (TMJ)  ankylosis  is  one of  the  most serious disabling condition; Impairment of speech, difficulty in mastication, poor oral hygiene; rampant caries, disturbances of facial and mandibular growth and acute compromise of the airway invariably result in physical and psychological disability This  paper  describes  the  management protocol  of  TMJ  ankylosis  and  its  review . The major objectives of surgical treatment in patients with temporomandibular joint ankylosis include the meticulous and radical removal of the ankylotic bone and reconstruction and restoration of the physiologic functions of the jaws.  Kaban’s  operative  protocol  for  unilateral  and  bilateral  TMJ ankylosis  entailed  resection  of  ankylotic  mass,  ipsilateral  and/or  contralateral  coronoidectomy,  interpositional  tissue  transfer to  the  TMJ  with  temporalis  myofascial  flap,  and  early mobilization  and  aggressive  physiotherapy. Common  complications  that  encounter  includes  deviation  of  the  mandible  to  the effected  side , telescoping  of  the  mandible  following  gap arthroplasty  leading  to  occlusal  discrepancies  &  anterior  openbite , temporary  facial  nerve  weakness. Deviation  of  the  mandible  &  occlusal  disturbances  can be treated  by  early  placement  of  arch bars  &  mouth  opening exercises. Improvement can be  noticed  in  3 to  4  months.  The  post–operative physiotherapy  plays  an  extremely  important  role  in  preventing  re–ankylosis  &  maintaining  adequate  mouth opening. A  careful  surgical  technique  and subsequent  meticulous  long–term  physiotherapy  are  both essential  to  achieve  a  satisfactory  result.