Aim: To do sputum examination and fine needle aspiration cytology in patients diagnosed radiologically of having lung mass, the prevalence of various benign and malignant lesions and to find out the relative diagnostic value of FNAC and sputum cytology

Materials and methods: This study was taken up in the Department of Pathology, Assam Medical College and Hospital. A total of 50 cases of clinically suspected lung mass were picked up to study the different modes of presentations, the findings in sputum and CT guided FNAC after they were diagnosed radiologically as having lung mass.

Results: Out of the 43 diagnosed cases of malignancy,33 cases were male(76.56%),10 cases were female(23.2%).Out of the males,60.60% cases were diagnosed as Squamous cell carcinoma,27.27% cases as Adenocarcinoma.

Conclusions: Sensitivity of sputum is less but it is important for detecting central lesions of the lung. FNAC is better than sputum cytology in detecting mass lesions of the lung.