Background: Osteoporosis is a metabolic bone disease. This complication will reduce bone mineral density (BMD) and reduce bone strength. Lack of sufficient physical activity and reception of insufficient levels of sunshine are the factors that contribute to this disorder. The present research seeks to study osteoporosis and its relative factors among faculty of sport and physical education in Palestine.

Materials and Method: This is a cohort research conducted on two groups including 100 students of the

Faculty of sport and physical education and Faculty of Medicine. The status of all participants was tracked for 5 variables including vitamin D, calcium, Femoral neck BMD, Total lumbar spine BMD, and Total hip BMD for a period of six months (at the beginning and the end of the period) and the resulting raw data was analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics v.21. The level of significance in this research was set to p–value < 0.05.

Results: This was a cohort research conducted on 200 participants in 2 groups consisting of the faculty of sport and physical education and Faculty of Medicine. The participants aged from 18 to 24 years old with an average age of 20.08 ± 1.06 years. The results obtained through studying the five variables indicated that after a six month follow up period, only vitamin D and calcium levels among the faculty of sport and physical education had increased significantly compared to the first assessment (P–value < 0.05). Other variables failed to exhibit a significant change within this period (P–value > 0.05). Regardless of statistical significance, the general trend of change among faculty of sport and physical education indicated increase, but a decreasing trend was observed among Faculty of Medicine.

Conclusion: Exposure to sunshine and physical activities play a major and significant role in increasing vitamin D and calcium levels. Otherwise, vitamin D deficiency and unfavorable consequences such as osteoporosis are inevitable.