Micronuclei are extranuclear cytoplasmic bodies induced in cells by numerous genotoxic agents that damage the chromosomes. The micronucleus test is used as an indicator of genotoxic exposition, since it is associated with chromosome aberrations. The buccal cell micronucleus assay provides information on the cytogenic damage in the tissues that are targets of human carcinogens and from which carcinomas can develop.

 Aim and Objective: The present study aims to compare Giemsa and Acridine Orange stains in assessing the micronuclei in the exfoliated cells from the buccal scrapings in smokers and non smokers.

Material and Methods: 31 smears were taken from both smokers and nonsmokers and stained with Giemsa and Acridine Orange. The stained smears were evaluated for the presence of micronuclei.  After the evaluation of the slides the results were compiled and subjected to statistical analysis.

Results: A significant increase in the frequency of micronuclei in smokers was noted compared to non smokers. Correlation analysis was performed using Pearson’s correlation between Giemsa and Acridine Orange. Comparisons were made at the significance level of 0.01 (2–tailed). The values obtained after Pearson’s correlation were found to be statistically significant in Giemsa than Acridine Orange.

Conclusion: The present study concludes that, the micronucleus assay in exfoliated buccal cells holds promise as a specific biomarker of genotoxicity, for screening of oral cancer and as prognostic indicator.