Encephaloceles is commonest neural tube defect.The neural tube is a narrow channel in the developing fetus that allows the brain & spinal cord to develop.The neural tube folds & closes early during pregnancy(third or fourth week)to complete the formation of brain & spinal cord. A neural tube defect occurs when the neural tube does not close completely,which can occur anywhere along the head, neck,spine.Encephalocele is protrusion of cranial contents beyond the normal confines of the skull through defect in the calvarium.Protruding tissue may be located on any part of head,but most often affects the back of skull(occipital area).