Introduction: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of morbidity, mortality, disability and socioeconomic losses in India and other developing countries. Road traffic accidents (RTA) are the leading cause of TBI.  

Methods: This study was carried out in MGM Medical College and Hospital, Navi Mumbai. A total number of 166 cases of TBI who underwent emergency craniotomy, from April 2013 to November 2017, were studied retrospectively.

Results: Maximum number of cases were due to RTAs (79.50%).  Out of 166 operated cases, 67 were Epidural hematoma (EDH), 65 were Acute Subdural hematomas (ASDH), and 31 were Intracerebral hematomas (ICH). Survival rate of EDH (89.70%) was excellent, whereas ASDH (53.89%) and ICH (54.8%) had poor survival rate.

Conclusion: Surgery plays a vital role in the management and outcome of the patients with severe TBI.