Thyroid carcinoma closely resembles its benign counterpart in physical features, measurable physiological parameters like serum T3/T4, TSH levels and some ultrasonic characteristics. Therefore, the surgical excision of the nodule and its histopathological examination is the only way to differentiate between the much less frequent malignant nodules and more frequent benign. Main objective of the study is to evaluate the STN and MNG cases clinically and pathologically. The present was carried out at the Department of General Surgery, Government General Hospital, Vijayawada during the period of 24 months extending between October 2014 to October 2016. This study included a total of 150 cases, 50 MNG & 100 STN, out of which all were operated. In the present study, thyroid swellings and thyroid carcinomas are more common in females but a thyroid swelling in males have high chances of malignancy. The favoured diagnostic strategy in the workup of patients with a Thyroid Swelling include US, FNAC, serum TSH combined with serum T4 and/or free T4, and scintigraphy. In case of clinical factors raising the likelihood of malignancy, the majority recommended diagnostic thyroidectomy despite FNAC suggesting a benign condition.