Congenital pulmonary malformations represent a wide spectrum of anomalies with a varied clinical and pathologic presentation, ranging from recurrent pulmonary infections and acute respiratory distress syndrome, which require timely drug therapy, up to large space–occupying lesions needing surgical treatment. This classification includes three anatomical and pathological entities, represented by Congenital Cystic Adenomatoid Malformation, Bronchopulmonary Sequestration and Congenital Lobar Emphysema. The final result in terms of embryological and fetal development of these alterations is a Congenital Lung Hypoplasia.

Since even Bronchial Atresia, Pulmonary Bronchogenic Cysts and Congenital
Diaphragmatic Hernias are due to Pulmonary Hypoplasia, these diseases are also discussed here.

With improved resolution of foetal sonography, many of the pulmonary malformations are detected “in utero.” However appropriate postnatal investigations, rather than antenatal diagnosis, are essential for surgical decision. MDCT has broadened the imaging of lung anatomy down to the subsegmental level by offering various reformation techniques, including multiplanar reconstruction, shaded–surface display (SSD), minimum–intensity projection, maximum–intensity projection, sliding thin slab imaging, volume rendering and virtual bronchoscopy . The aim of this work was to evaluate the role of MDCT in congenital anomalies of tracheobronchial tree and lungs.