Background: Fine needle aspiration cytology is a common and excellent procedure for the evaluation of thyroid lesions that require surgical resection. It is simple, cost effective and with negligible side effects. The purpose of the our study is to classify the fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) by Bethesda system for reporting of thyroid cytology and its correlation of histopathology (HPE) of the excised nodule or specimen and also assess the diagnostic accuracy of  FNAC in the diagnosis of the thyroid nodules.

Materials and Methods: This is a prospective study conducted at the Department of ENT, Surgery, Pathology–Government Medical College, Kannauj and Department of Pathology–SGPGIMS, Lucknow, January 2009 to December 2011.

Results: It includes 200 patients, 147 were females and 53 males, age ranged from 11–65 years.  FNAC of benign thyroid lesion showed 93.6% sensitivity, 88 % specificity and 92% diagnostic accuracy . Likewise, results for malignant thyroid lesions showed 97.0, 98.0 and 96.0% respectively.

Conclusion: FNAC has high diangostic accuracy in the diagnostic evaluation of thyroid lesions.