introduction: Universal precautions are designed to reduce the risk of transmission of microorganisms from both recognized and unrecognized sources to a susceptible host.The CDC guideline recommends Universal Precautions for the care of all patients, regardless of their diagnosis or presumed infection status. It is mandatory to treat all blood and other potentially infectious materials with appropriate precautions.Objectives: To assess components of universal precaution and the associated factors for not practicing the rules of universal precaution and also to assess the knowledge and practice regarding universal precaution among Resident doctors of BPKIHS.Methodology: it is cross–sectional survey, conducted in BPKIHS in tertiary hospital teaching hospital Dharan in2016.A total of 275resident doctors were interviewed   by trained investigators after getting verbal consent with the help of self–designed questionnaire. Results: Out of 275 resident doctors, 94% participants practiced hand washing if contacted with different patients, 91% practiced hand washing after taking of gloves whereas 94% practice hand washing after contacted with blood and body fluid.93% agreed to wear gloves while   drawing of body fluid whereas 91 % participants agreed to changes gloves if contacted with different patients. 63% used gloves always, 35% used gloves sometimes and 3% never used gloves.52% participants used personal protective equipment

55% participants exposed to body fluid.63 % participants faced needle stick injury, among whom 38% had one time injury, 22% had two times whereas 21 % had more than 3 times injury.37% faced needle stick during recapping syringe, 33% during securing IV cannulation, whereas 14% during suturing. 77% took prophylaxis vaccination whereas 23% have   not vaccinated. Conclusion: Careful adherence to universal precautions can protect both health personal and patients from infections through proper execution of norms of universal precaution.