Drugs are the most common medical interventions, primarily used to relieve sufferings.¹ More than 50% of hospitalized patients and >70% of ICU patients receive Antimicrobial Agents (AMAs) for therapy or prophylaxis of infections.²

Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) are a major cause of morbidity and place a accountable burden on limited healthcare resources.³ Adverse reaction can occur with any class of drugs. According to a study conducted by Novotny et al., the most troublesome classes of drugs contributing to Adverse Drug Reactions were antibiotics followed antitumor agents.⁴ The prevalence of reported admissions resulting from ADRs accounts for approximately 5% (0.2 to 21.7%) in the developed countries, and at least one ADR has been reported to occur in 10–20% of hospitalized patients.^5,6