Aim: A prospective study  was conducted with aim  to determine the prevalence of recurrent aphthous ulcerations in western Maharashtra population.  Material and Methods: About2240  patients attending the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology during the period from August, 2012 to Feb, 2014 with various complaints were examined. Of the 2240 patients examined 1215 were males and 1025 were females.  Results: Out of 2240 patients, about 360 patients presented with recurrent aphthous ulceration (16.07%). Females (73.61%) were more commonly affected than males (26.38%). Patients in the second and third decade were most commonly affected. Stress was the most common factor associated with recurrent aphthous stomatitis (54.72%)). Buccal Mucosa (40%) was cost commonly affected followed by tongue (28.33%) and lower labial mucosa (15.83%). Conclusion: The results of the present study indicate that recurrent aphthous ulceration is a common mucosal disorder in the Indian population. The early and proper diagnosis of the ulcers will help the dental practitioner in providing information to the patient regarding awareness and management of the condition.