Introduction:  Multiple primary malignant neoplasms is the term used to define malignancies arising from two different organs with different histology and having no relation which each other. Incidences of such cases—both metachronous and synchronous have been reported to be around 0.73 to 11.18% of all cancers. Synchronous cancer is defined as malignancy occurring either simultaneously or within 6 months of primary malignancy. Synchronous cancer occurrence is less frequent as compared to metachronous ones. We describe an interesting series of synchronous multiple primary malignant neoplasms (SPMN).

Materials and methods: We prospectively collected data of patients who were newly diagnosed as synchronous multiple primary neoplasms (SPMN) and retrospective data of patients diagnosed with de novo SPMN during the period of January 2015 to January 2017 in the Surgical Oncology Department, King George Medical University, Lucknow, UP. We have analyzed the records of 22 patients. Warren and Gates criterion was used to include patients. Clinical Details such age, sex, site, histopathology and treatment were recorded.

Results: In our analysis, 13 out of 22 (59%) patients were females. The mean age at the primary malignancy diagnosis for male was 48.5 years (range 30–70 years). Mean age for female was 52 years (range 22–84). The most common primary presenting neoplasm was of oral cavity cancer followed by breast. The most common second malignancy found with oral cavity cancer was a second primary in the oral cavity. Synchronous breast malignancies followed the suit.

Conclusion: With increasing life expectancy and improvement in imaging and investigations there is a rise of reporting of Multiple Primary Malignant Neoplasms. SPMN are quite uncommon.  This case series illustrates the challenges in the management of these malignancies