Background– Nephrectomy is a therapeutic procedure done for various indications like malignancy of kidneys and upper urinary tract, trauma, infections, transplant and for poor/non functioning kidney due to different causes. Aim– To study demographic profile, indications & its pathological correlation in patients who underwent nephrectomy in our institution. Material and method– This retrospective study from January 2011 to May 2017 was conducted in department of surgery and department of pathology. The total renal surgeries performed in the institution during the period were analyzed and number of nephrectomies performed were evaluated. Results– The study population consisted of 321 patients who underwent surgery for different upper urinary tract pathology. Out of the total 321 renal surgeries 107 were nephrectomy. The benign causes for nephrectomy were 71.1% as compared to the malignant cause which were 28.9%. Conclusion– We can conclude that despite newer diagnostic methods, benign conditions continue to be leading cause of nephrectomy in developing nations. It can be largely attributed to late presentation to hospital in patients with renal stones and complications in these patients ultimately lead to loss of function and nephrectomy.