Aims and Objectives: The kidneys are affected by various disease processes some resulting in permanent damage leading to surgical removal of the organ i.e. nephrectomy. Indications for nephrectomy are varied including irreversible damage by chronic infections, obstructive causes including strictures & calculus disease, vesicouretric reflex, congenital dysplasia, nephrosclerosis, cystic diseases, traumatic injury and various renal tumors; malignant or benign.

Material and methods: The retrospective study was done in the Department of Pathology, Geetanjali Medical College & Hospital, Udaipur, Rajasthan for the period of 2 years from April 2016 to April 2018. A total of 42 nephrectomy specimens were included in the study and were analyzed with regard to age, sex and histopathological variety.

Results: A total of 42 specimens of nephrectomy were included in the study. There were 22 (52.38%) male patients and 20 (47.62%) female patients. Most commonly affected age group was 41–50 years with 13 patients (30.95%) followed by 31–40 years of age group with 9 patients (21.42%). Out of 42 cases, 35 (83.33%) were non–neoplastic and 7 (16.66%) were neoplastic. Neoplastic cases further included 6 malignant cases and only one benign case.

Conclusion: In this single center based study, we have come across many of the common renal tumors described in adults and children and obtained results were almost comparable with worldwide data. Nephrectomy is an accepted surgical procedure for non–functioning kidneys due to various pathological disease processes.