The thoracic mediastinum houses a wide range of tissues any of which can undergo benign or malignant transformation. The anterior mediastinum represents the most common extra–gonadal site of occurrence of germ cell tumors1. This study takes into account three patients, all females in their third decade of life, presenting with cough and chest pain, who were subsequently diagnosed to have anterior mediastinal teratomas after detailed work–up including radiological & biochemical investigations. Diagnosis was confirmed by histo–pathology. An understanding of the anatomical relationships of different structures of the mediastinum with each other, as well as the embryology of the area would be helpful to diagnose and provide an insight into the frequency of occurrence of anterior mediastinal teratomas.