INTRODUCTION: Cholelithiasis, is a recurrent disease caused due to impaired cholesterol, bilirubin and bile acid metabolism. It has high prevalence in southern part of India than in comparison to northern part. Therefore the aim of our study was to study the incidence of cholelithiasis in Population of Nalanda district of Bihar and its associated risk factors along with surgical management and complication. METHODS: The study was conducted in the department of surgery, VIMS, Pawapuri, Nalanda, Bihar (India) taking 80 patients. Patient history was taken in the structured performa. The ultrasonography of the abdomen and surgical procedure (Both laparoscopy and open) were carried out.RESULTS: Cholelithiasis was more prevalent in female (68.75%) and was frequent in the age group and 40– 50 years (31.25%). Mixed type of calculi was more common (66.25%). The major sign observed was abdominal pain nausea and vomiting. The common site of cholelithiasis was gall bladder (93.75%) and most of the cases were subjected to laparoscopic procedure (90%). We found surgical site infection and biliary leaks as the post–surgical complications. CONCLUSIONS: Prevalence of cholelithiasis is substantially increased due to the changes in life style and eating habits of people considering the associated risk factors, care must be taken in order to reduce the economic as well as health loss