Introduction– An empyema is a collection of pus in the pleural cavity. Staphylococcus aureus is the most common cause of empyema in the developing country, while streptococcus pneumoniae in the developed country. Thoracic empyema remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality especially in the developing countries like india. Material and methods A prospective study was conducted from November 2017 To November 2018 in kamla Nehru chest hospital, Department of pulmonary medicine, Dr.SN. Medical College Jodhpur, a tertiary care centre for respiratory diseases in western part of Rajasthan, India where a clinicobacteriological profile was carried out. Result 106 patients of empyema studied majority 64(60.37%) were non tubercular etiology while Tubercular empyema comprising of 19(17.92%) cases. Among non–tubercular empyema staphylococcus aureus was most common 17(16.03%) followed by gram negative bacilli. Mean year of age for men was 41.81year and for female was 36.93 year. Empyema was right sided in 48(45.28%) cases and left sided was in 58(54.71%) cases. Conclusion Empyema thoracis remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in our country. Tuberculous empyema differs from nontuberculous empyema in the age profile, Clinical presentation, and management aspect.