Dental caries is a chronic, transmissible disease of multifactorial etiology. Over the decades, landmark researches have given a deeper insight into the etiology of dental caries and has led to the transformation of operative dentistry philosophy. Caries Risk Assessment [CRA] has become a corner stone in contemporary dental care practice, relevant to all age groups which helps the clinician to plan appropriate treatment modalities and preventive measures tailored to the patient’s risk profile. CRA application has been widely used in different dental care settings for successful clinical outcomes. This review considers to summarize these research findings ranging from its clinical applicability domain to health promotion initiatives including its utility in community based settings and predicting the possibilities of patient specific non–communicable diseases. It also briefs about recent technological advancements in CRA which is easy to administer, simple, quick and beneficial for effective dental caries management.