Background: Conventional techniques like X–ray of mastoids have limited ability to determine the temporal bone and cochlea–vestibular anatomy and associated pathology. High resolution computed tomography (HRCT) is a modified CT technique which is extremely helpful in evaluating the anatomy and pathology type and extent of disease. Objective: To evaluate role of HRCT in detecting and diagnosing the pathologies of the temporal bone. Materials and Methods: Fifty patients with suspected temporal bone pathologies formed the material of study. Detailed history and findings of clinical examination were recorded in detail. All the patients were subjected to HRCT of temporal bone using standard protocols. Imaging findings were recorded and results were reported as proportions and rates. Imaging findings were correlated with histopathological and surgical findings wherever possible. Results: Majority of the patients were males (64%) with maximum number of cases in 3rd decade of life. Most common temporal bone pathologies was infection (60%) followed by trauma (16%). Tumors and Congenital anomalies were seen in 12% cases each. In patients with infection, ossicular chain erosions were seen in 36.7% cases while cholesteatoma was seen in 56.7 % cases. Sensitivity of HRCT in diagnosing cholesteatoma and ossicular erosion was 94.1% and 93.3% respectively. Conclusion: HRCT is an important pre–operative imaging tool in evaluating the various pathologies affecting the temporal bone. It helps in evaluating the distribution, features, localization and extent of various pathologies and lays down an anatomical roadmap for the surgeon preoperatively.