Introduction: The aim of this study is to reveal the variations of origin of iliolumbar artery and its relations with the surrounding surgically important anatomical structures. Methods: The origin of iliolumbar artery were determined unilaterally in 22 formalin–fixed cadavers (18male and 4 female) in the Department of anatomy. Results: Iliolumbar artery was originating from bifurcation of internal iliac artery in one cadaver out of twenty two. Conclusion: The anatomical properties of iliolumbar artery and its relation with anatomical landmarks, which were presented here, would be helpful in decreasing iatrogenic trauma to iliolumbar artery during pelvic surgery.