Background: Thyroid is the largest endocrine organ which is affected by both neoplastic and non– neoplastic lesions leading to its enlargement. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of thyroid serves as diagnostic test to distinguish between these lesions. Objectives: The aim of the present study was evaluating the role of FNAC as diagnostic tool and to establish cyto–histopathological correlation of various thyroid lesions. Methods: This is a retrospective study of thyroid lesions carried out at the Department of Pathology, Smt. Kashibai Navale Medical College and General Hospital, Pune for over a period of 2 years. The patients with thyroid swellings who underwent with both FNAC & histopathological examination of swellings, of all ages and both the sexes coming to tertiary care hospital were included in the present study. Results: Total 108 cases were studied, out of which non– neoplastic cases were 54(50%) and neoplastic were 42 (39%) and in 12(11%) cases material was inadequate. Majority of the non– neoplastic and neoplastic lesion was nodular colloid goiter and follicular neoplasm respectively. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of FNAC were found to be 78.6%, 83.3%, and 81.3% respectively. Conclusion: FNAC is a simple, safe, accurate, cost effective and reliable diagnostic method for thyroid lesions in decision making about surgical intervention.