Background: Parenting of mentally retarded children is a long term commitment and is much more stressful than parenting for normal children. Even though parenting for mentally retarded children provides the parents with a meaningful role and important purpose, parents have a sense of worry and stress is one of the most common factors for parents. Aim of the study: This study purposes is to assess and examine the parenting stress, psychological well–being and social support in mothers of children with mental retardation and mothers of children with normal control. Methodology: The study was hospital based cross–sectional study. Purposive sampling methods was used for selecting the samples. The study was carried out from an out–patients department at Ranchi Institute of Neuro–Psychiatry and Allied Sciences in Ranchi for the mothers of children with mental retardation and area in proximity of RINPAS for normal control. Total number of 60 respondents (30 mothers of children with mental retardation and 30 mothers of children with normal control) were taken for this study. Subjects were evaluated using socio demographic datasheet, parenting stress inventory/ Short form (PSI/SF), Psychological general well–being index and social support questionnaire. Result/Conclusion: Present study finding revealed that mothers of the children with mental retardation are having more “Parental stress in any domain, faced difficulties psychological wellbeing and having low social support as compared to mothers of children with normal controls.