Purpose: To study the efficacy of subconjunctival injection of mitomycin C in primary pterygium surgery with bare sclera technique and compare the results of this method with pterygium excision with conjunctival limbal autografting. Methods: Prospective, Randomised, interventional, hospital based, comparative study. Sixty eyes of sixty consecutive patients coming to ophthalmology OPD of our tertiary care centre with primary progressive pterygium will be selected. Each patient with primary progressive pterygium were randomly assigned to group A and B and were operated. Group A includes 30 patients with subconjunctival injection of mitomycin C(0.1ml of 0.12 mg/ml), one hour before pterygium excision with bare sclera technique and Group B includes 30 patients with pteryguim excision with conjunctival limbal autografting. The patients were followed up postoperatively on days 1,7 and then at months 1,6,12 and 18. The main outcome measures included were recurrence rate and postoperative complications. Results: By the end of 18 months follow up, the recurrence rate was 6.66% in Mitomycin C group(Group– A) and 3.33% in conjunctival limbal autograft group(Group– B). There were no severe vision threatening complications in either group. Conclusion: subconjunctival injection of Mitomycin C(0.1ml of 0.12 mg/ml), one hour before pterygium excision with bare sclera technique effectively reduces recurrence rate to an acceptable level without causing any vision threatening complications. It has definite role in patients with recurrent pterygium, large double headed pterygia, patients with glaucoma who may require filtration surgery in future and combined pterygium with cataract patients.