Dental caries is the most common childhood chronic disease worldwide. Early childhood caries (ECC) is the presence of 1 or more decayed, missing, or filled tooth surfaces (dmfs) in any primary tooth in a preschool–aged child. Early treatment of ECC is important because it can lead to pain, sepsis, malnutrition due to the inability to eat, and poor general health. The traditional way to manage ECC involves surgical removal of all the infected and softened dental tissue followed by the filling of the cavity. Children with severe ECC or those who are not able to cooperate well for traditional restorative treatment. Now, Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) has been used as an alternative method for caries prevention and arrest. The aim of this review was to evaluate the scientific evidence regarding the effectiveness of silver diamine fluoride in preventing and arresting early childhood caries