Anaemia affects all age groups, but pre–school & school going children, pregnant women and non–pregnant women of child bearing age are the most susceptible ones. Erythroid hyperplasia means an increase in number of red cell precursors in the bone marrow. It is the response of bone marrow to various conditions of low haemoglobin, to increase the number of red cells to compensate for anaemia, like hemolytic anaemia, hemoglobinopathies, high altitude or hypoxia of any cause, renal disease, or in our country more commonly due to nutritional deficiency of vitamin B12, folic acid and/or iron. In our study we will be focused on erythroid hyperplasia due to hemoglobinopathies like thalassemia and sickle cell anaemia. The present study was done at the Department of Pathology, Rajendra Institute of medical sciences, Ranchi between July,2018 to September 2019. It was observed that HPLC is better option to estimation of HbA, HbF, HbS & HbA2 level in a case of anemia suspected due to hemoglobinopathies than bone marrow examination. Most common hemoglobinopathies are beta thalassemia trait (36%), sickle cell disease (28%), sickle cell trait (14%), sickle beta thalassemia (12%) and beta thalassemia major (10%), among deficiency iron deficiency most common. The most common condition encountered on bone marrow examination during our study was micronutrient deficiency anemia, hemoglobinopathies