BACKGROUND: The fetus develops its own HPT axis by 20–22 weeks. Maternal transfer of T4 have a protective role in fetal neurodevelopment. Thyroid–stimulating hormone in the first postnatal week is higher than at any other time of life. Congenital hypothyroidism is the most frequent cause of preventable mental retardation. Neonatal hypothyroidism 1) Permanent type 2) Transient type Even transient hypothyroidism can cause adverse neurological outcome in a newborn. Thus, early diagnosis and treatment is recommended. OBJECTIVES: To correlate the maternal thyroid status at delivery with the neonatal thyroid status METHODS: A retrospective cohort study of women admitted in labor ward KIMSH &RC Bangalore from 01/07/2018 to 30/09/2018.Maternal thyroid status at delivery irrespective of thyroid status in pregnancy and neonatal Thyroid status (TSH, T4) measured at 3–5 days of age. RESULTS: During this period total no of the babies along with their mothers were evaluated were 148.Total no of thyroid disorders detected in 34 (23%) of mothers, among which hypothyroidism in 30 (20.2%) and hyperthyroidism in 4 (2.8%) were found. From total 34 cases, 10 (33.3%) mothers were known hypothyroid and all 4 (100%) were known hyperthyroid. Among the hypothyroid mothers 20(66%) were during present pregnancy. New born screening for thyroid function was done in all 148 babies between3–5 days of age. Neonates with lower T4 levels [mean =0.84ng/dl] had mothers with higher TSH . Gestational hypothyroidism [68%], overt hypothyroidism [22%], euthyroid [10%] resulted in neonatal hypothyroidism. Low normal TSH in mother may result in transient neonatal hyperthyroidism.[25% of babies with maternal hyperthyroidism]. CONCLUSION: Thyroid screening should be done in pregnancy as universal screening instead of only high–risk cases. Maternal thyroid status at delivery irrespective of thyroid status in pregnancy can be indirect indicator of neonatal Thyroid status.It also guides the neonatologist or paediatrician doing thyroid function test of their babies. Ideally all newborns should be screened for congenital hypothyroidism as a part of new born screening (NBS) programme. Neonatal hypothyroidism has to be further diagnosed as transient or congenital based on successive evaluation. The earlier detection of this will substantially help in retrospectively assessing the effectiveness of treatment for thyroid dysfunction and modulation of treatment guidelines for early detection of its effect on neonate in future.