Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) was first recognized as a clinical entity in 1981. Since then, many changes have been noted in the demographics, complications, and treatment of this worldwide epidemic.  HIV infected patients suffer from a number of infectious and non–infectious complications through their life span due to their immune compromised state. Pulmonary disorders, particularly respiratory infections, remain an important cause of morbidity and mortality among HIV–infected individuals, even in the current era of potent antiretroviral therapy. Chest radiography is usually the first imaging test obtained for the assessment of an HIV–infected individual with respiratory symptoms followed by chest CT that is highly sensitive in detecting and characterizing various infectious and non–infectious conditions that afflict an HIV positive individual. The spectrum of imaging findings varies with the etiology and patient’s immune status. We studied the various thoracic manifestations in HIV–infected patients by chest radiography and CT with special emphasis on imaging pattern recognition in order to facilitate early diagnosis and treatment of these conditions.