Microalbuminuria and Diabetic Retinopathy in patients of Type 2 DM - A one year cross sectional study at a Tertiary Care hospital in North Karnataka

Dr. Mahesh Chavan; Dr. Joachim Souza

Volume : IX, Issue : VII, July - 2020

Microalbuminuria and Diabetic Retinopathy in patients of Type 2 DM - A one year cross sectional study at a Tertiary Care hospital in North Karnataka

Dr. Mahesh Chavan, Dr. Joachim Souza

Abstract :

Background: Diabetes Mellitus is one of the most common chronic disorders. The magnitude of the problem is compounded by the various complications targeting vital organs. Diabetic nephropathy the leading cause of End Stage Renal Disease which affects 25 to 40% of type 2 diabetics. The earliest evidence of nephropathy is microalbuminuria. Our aim is to study the prevalence of microalbuminuria and diabetic retinopathy and to study the association with respect to duration. Materials and Methods: This study explored the prevalence data of 100 patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus, admitted to tertiary care medical college hospital in Bagalkot, North Karnataka from January 2019 upto January 2020, after fulfilling the inclusion criteria as defined by American Diabetes Association 2019 (5), through a retrospective approach. Results: This study observed that 45% had diabetic retinopathy on fundus examination, 35 % had microalbuminuria while 28% had both retinopathy and microalbuminuria (p<0.000). The mean duration of diabetes was 10.64 years with 54% having duration of diabetes more than 5 years. Normal BMI was noted in 74 % of patients. Majority of patients (57%) had uncontrolled blood sugars with HbA1c value more than 7%. The correlation between microalbuminuria and diabetic retinopathy was highly statistically significant with p value <0.000. Conclusion: The present study has shown that there is significant association between the presence of microalbuminuria and retinopathy. It has also shown that there is increase in the prevalence of microalbuminuria and retinopathy with increasing age, HbA1c >7%, BMI>25>Kg/m2