Clinico-pathological spectrum of gallbladder diseases with study of histopathological changes associated with gallstones

Nongmaithem Karuna; Sunita Haobam; L.Sushila Devi

Volume : IX, Issue : VI, June - 2020

Clinico-pathological spectrum of gallbladder diseases with study of histopathological changes associated with gallstones

Nongmaithem Karuna, Sunita Haobam, L. Sushila Devi

Abstract :

Background : Cholecystectomy specimen ( gall bladder) is the most frequently encountered surgical specimen in histopathology laboratory principally indicated in patients with symptomatic gallstones associated diseases.The different histopathological spectrum ranges from inflammation to premalignant changes and carcinoma. Chronic cholecystitis being the most frequently diagnosed disease in all the cholecystectomy cases . Aims : To study the clinico–pathological spectrum of gall bladder diseases in cholecystectomy specimens and to observe the histopathological changes associated with gallstones . Methods : A retrospective study based on the histopathological analysis of 1630 cholecystectomy specimens from 1st January, 2017 to 31 st July, 2019 in the department of Pathology, Jawaharlal Nehru Institute of Medical Sciences Imphal, Manipur. Results: Of the total 1630 cases studied it included 236 males and 1394 females with male to female ratio of 1:5.9.The most commonly affected age group by gall bladder diseases was 40 to 49 years . Chronic cholecystitis (89.7%) was the most commonly diagnosed lesion.The commonest presenting complaint was right hypochondrial pain .There was a strong association of gallstones with chronic cholecystitis (92.8%),dysplasia (92%) , metaplasia(80%), cholesterolosis (50.8%), carcinoma(50%). The incidence of dysplasia was 1.7 % and of incidental carcinoma was 0.13%. Conclusion: Study of the clinico–pathological spectrum of gall bladder diseases and its association with gallstones would help in understanding the diseases and its complications .We found that chronic cholecystitis is the most common gall bladder disease which is more in female. Gallstones are found to be strongly associated with the development of pre–malignant lesions, hence every resected specimen of gall bladder should be subjected for histopathological examination.