Volume : VII, Issue : II, February - 2018

Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Infections

Dr Pranav Kumar, Dr Sonali Basu

Abstract :

 

Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTMB) are environmental organisms capable of causing chronic disease in humans.[1] 

 

NTMB diseases are seen worldwide. Most industrialized nations report an incidence rate of 1 to 2 cases per 100,000 persons.[2]

 

Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are mycobacterial species other than those belonging to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (M. tuberculosis, M. bovis, M. africanum, M. microti, and M. canetti) and M. leprae. They are free living organisms in the environment and to date 151 NTM species have been identified. NTM are free living environmental micro–organisms that have been isolated from tap water, soil, domestic and wild animals and food products.

 

NTM are classified as either slow growing (>7 days) or rapid growing (<7 days) based on laboratory culture. Overall, the most common NTM entity causing clinical disease is M. avium complex .

 

The prevalence of NTM–related lung disease appears to be increasing.[3] 

 

NTM can cause four clinical syndromes in humans.

●Pulmonary disease, caused primarily by M. avium complex (MAC) and M. kansasii. Others implicated in Lung disease includes M. abscessus, M. fortuitum, M. xenopi, M. malmoense, M. szulgai, and M. simiae.< style="mso–special–character:line–eak" /> < style="mso–special–character:line–eak" />

●Superficial lymphadenitis, caused by MAC, M. scrofulaceum, and, in northern Europe, M. malmoense and M. haemophilum < style="mso–special–character:line–eak" /> < style="mso–special–character:line–eak" />

●Disseminated disease, caused by MAC and less commonly by the rapidly growing mycobacteria [RGM], eg, M. abscessus, M. fortuitum, and M. chelonae < style="mso–special–character:line–eak" /> < style="mso–special–character:line–eak" />

●Skin and soft tissue infection usually as a consequence of direct inoculation, caused primarily by M. marinum and M. ulcerans

NTMB can present as a hypersensitivity–like pulmonary syndrome, commonly known as hot tub lung.[4] This is likely to be a manifestation of both parenchymal inflammation and active infection. Mycobacteria are resistant to disinfectants and growth is enhanced by hot, humid environments, especially standing water sources such as hot tubs or other undrained indoor sources.

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Article: Download PDF    DOI : https://www.doi.org/10.36106/paripex  

Cite This Article:

Dr Pranav Kumar, Dr Sonali Basu, Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Infections, PARIPEX‾INDIAN JOURNAL OF RESEARCH : Volume-7 | Issue-2 | February-2018


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