Clinico–epidemiological study of gestational diabetes in a tertiary care hospital of Karnataka

DR. NAJAH ABDUL REHMAN; Sarita Chaube; Reena D�souza; Siddharudha Shivalli

Volume : IV, Issue : II, February - 2015

Clinico–epidemiological study of gestational diabetes in a tertiary care hospital of Karnataka

Dr. Najah Abdul Rehman, Sarita Chaube, Reena D Souza, Siddharudha Shivalli

Abstract :

Background: Prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) on the rise globally and in India. Apart from familial and genetic factors, rise is largely attributed to urbanization, sedentary lifestyle, unhealthy dietary patterns and increasing prevalence of obesity. A range of maternal and foetal complications in GDM are reported. Owing to high risk of morbidity, mortality and overt diabetes in future this group requires a special attention. Objective: To assess the maternal and foetal outcomes among GDM mothers delivered in Yenepoya Medical College Hospital, Mangalore. Methodology: A retrospective 5 years (2009-2013) record analysis was done for GDM mothers delivered in study hospital. Demographic, antropometric, obstetric, biochemical, maternal and foetal complications were studied. Data was analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences Version 16. Descriptive statistics was used to express the results. Results: A total of 100 GDM cases were studied. Mean age was 29�4.47 years. Mean pre-pregnancy BMI was 26.2�4.6 kg/m2 and 31% and 25% were overweight and obese, respectively. Nearly 40% of them had family history of diabetes and 16 multiparas had history of GDM in previous pregnancy. Almost 2/3rds of them were delivered by caesarean section. As much as 60% delivered before 38 weeks. Neonatal hypoglycaemia (28%), low birth weight (10%), macrosomia (7%), congenital anomalies (12%) RDS (8%) and hypocaclemia (4%) were the neonatal complications. Conclusion: Overweight, obesity, family history of diabetes were the common GDM risk factors in this study. Hypoglycemia and congenital anomalies were quite common among neonates. Early diagnosis and apt intervention could avert these adverse outcomes.