Effect of tobacco usage and psychosocial stress on chronic periodontal disease: A comprehensive review of this inimical triad.

Dr Tejal Sheth; Dr Dhwanit Thakore; Dr Shilpi Shah; Dr Mihir Shah

Volume : VI, Issue : XII, December - 2017

Effect of tobacco usage and psychosocial stress on chronic periodontal disease: A comprehensive review of this inimical triad.

Dr Tejal Sheth, Dr Dhwanit Thakore, Dr Shilpi Shah, Dr Mihir Shah

Abstract :

Over past few decades, the incidences of stress–induced disease has been on a rise and it has become one of the major reasons for increased prevalence for smoking and tobacco use amongst the young and adults. It has been stated that stress in general is one of the major causal factors for initiation of tobacco use followed by peer pressure. Apart from causing lung cancer, respiratory diseases, cardiovascular diseases, stroke, etc; smoking and smokeless tobacco also leads to detrimental effects on oral health leading to progression of periodontal diseases & oral cancer and significantly affecting the quality of life. Tobacco products appear to have direct local effects on periodontal tissue and can alter the host response. Although smokers benefit from periodontal therapy, clinical improvements are less than those for non–smokers. Also, stress has been considered one of the identifiable risk factor for periodontal disease progression. Analogous to smoking stress hypothesized to reduce immune responsiveness, resulting in more pathogenic infection and concomitant periodontal tissue destruction. This paper addresses the inter–relationship between smoking, periodontal disease and stress