Hematological Abnormalities in newly diagnosed HIV infected individuals and its correlation with CD4 Counts

Dr. Urmila Kumhar; Dr. Geeta Parihar; Dr. Pradeep Kumar Kumawat; Dr. V.L. Rastogi; Dr. Jyotsana Chandwani

Volume : IX, Issue : VI, June - 2020

Hematological Abnormalities in newly diagnosed HIV infected individuals and its correlation with CD4 Counts

Dr. Urmila Kumhar, Dr. Geeta Parihar, Dr. Pradeep Kumar Kumawat, Dr. V. L. Rastogi, Dr. Jyotsana Chandwani

Abstract :

Background: HIV infection is associated with a wide range of haematological abnormalities. Methods and Objectives: The aim of this study were to study haematological changes in newly diagnosed HIV patients and to correlate them with CD4 cell counts. In 100 patient�s complete haemogram and CD4 count was done. Analysis was done using SPSS version 20 (IBM SPSS Statistics Inc., Chicago, Illinois, USA) Windows software program. Statistical tests used included mean, standard deviation, ANOVA (analysis of variance), chi–square test (χ2). Level of significance was set at P≤0.05. Mean of various haematological parameters was accessed statistically by ANOVA test. Results: Age distribution showed maximum number of cases between 21–40 years of age (68%).Males, females and transgender constituted 55%, 42% and 3% of cases. Anaemia, leucocytopenia, lymphocytopenia and thrombocytopenia were present in 59%, 18%, 26% and 11% cases respectively. Decrease in absolute mixed cell count was seen in 54% cases. Majority of the patients were in group of <200 cells/�l CD4 count (46%).Leucocytosis, lymphocytosis, thrombocytosis, and high mixed cell count were seen in 3%, 11%, 6% and 8% respectively. Anaemia showed an inverse correlation with CD4 count. RBC count, MCHC, RDW–SD, RDW–CV, Lymphocytopenia, leucocytopenia, neutropenia and decrease mixed cell count showed statistically significant correlation with CD4 count. Platelet count and their indices (PCT, PLCR, MPV and PDW) and also MCV and MCH did not show correlation with CD4 count. Conclusion: Hematologic manifestations are common presentation in HIV–infected newly diagnosed patients. The present study revealed a significant incidence of anaemia, leucocytopenia, neutropenia and lymphocytopenia correlates with disease severity accessed by CD4 count. Thrombocytopenia occurs independent of disease severity. The present study also showed significant correlation of RDW–SD, RDW–CV, Hematocrit, MCHC, and decrease in mixed cells with CD4 cell counts. At the same time patients with HIV infection should be investigated and treated for haematological abnormalities to reduce the morbidity and mortality.