Profile of Birth defects among live newborns and their maternal mothers factors from a tertiary care institute

Dr. K. Hemalatha; Dr.N.Adalarasan; Dr.R.Narayana Babu; S. Padmanaban

Volume : VII, Issue : V, May - 2018

Profile of Birth defects among live newborns and their maternal mothers factors from a tertiary care institute

Dr. K. Hemalatha, Dr. N. Adalarasan, Dr. R. Narayana Babu, S. Padmanaban

Abstract :

Background:Congenital malformations are defects in morphogenesis during early fetal life. Although, its etiology is unknown in 50% of cases, genetic (30–40 %) and environmental

(5– 10 %) form the majority of known causes. Malformations may range from minor abnormalities to major structural defects. Minor abnormalities involve non vital organs with little or no functional effects and there is no urgency for their correction whereas major anomalies impair function or are of significant cosmetic value. These may even be life threatening requiring immediate medical/surgical treatment. Congenital malformations are the fourth major cause of neonatal mortality in India after prematurity, neonatal sepsis and birth asphyxia

Objective: To study the profile of gross congenital malformations among live newborns and its associated risk factors.

Material and methods: All the babies born in Govt.Kilpauk Medical College hospital (live births) during January 2016 to December 2016 formed the baseline population and those with congenital malformations were included in the study. Antenatal records were assessed .

Study design: Cross– sectional, descriptive.

Results: There were5603 live births out of which 109 had gross congenital malformations giving an incidence of 1.1%. Gastrointestinal system was most commonly affected (21%) followed by musculoskeletal (13%) and multiple anomalies (16%). Incidence of congenital malformations was more among multipara females, preterm and low birth weight babies.

Conclusion: A relative decrease in the incidence of congenital malformations once again implies the recent National Health Mission programs and various Tamil Nadu government programs on Antenatal mothers, Delivery and Newborn care including . We also, strongly recommend mandatory screening of all newborns by pediatrician after birth at every health centre, District/Taluk hospitals for timely detection and best possible treatment of these congenital malformations.