Volume : VIII, Issue : V, May - 2019

Urine dipstick as a tool for screening chronic kidney disease among diabetics & hypertensives – its validity and utility

Balaji S M, Sudharshini Subramaniam, Sarumathi Varadan

Abstract :

Background: The presence of relatively high levels of urine protein can be an early marker of increased risk of progressive kidney disease, poor cardiovascular outcomes, and death. The urine dipstick test can be used as an initial screening tool for detecting proteinuria (a predictor of CKD) in primary health care level because of its low cost and ability to provide rapid information to clinicians and patients. Objective: To assess the validity of urine dipstick as a screening test for detecting CKD among Diabetics and Hypertensives. Methodology: At a Primary Health Centre, a prospective study was carried out on 200 people aged 30 years and above with history of Diabetes or Hypertension and were on treatment for past 1 year or more. People who were already diagnosed of chronic kidney disease, pregnant women and women during active menstruation were excluded from the study. Those subjects enrolled in the study underwent a dipstick urine analysis for proteinuria initially and another urine analysis after 3 months followed by a blood sample analysis for serum creatinine. Results: There were totally 205 subjects, out of which75 were males and 130 were females. 51 (24.9%) were diagnosed as Chronic Kidney Disease with eGFR < 60 ml/min. When proteinuria 1+ or more is set as criteria for detecting CKD, the sensitivity was 82.35% , specificity was 94.8% and κ coefficient of agreement was 0.776. The Area under Curve (AUC) of the ROC curve was 0.927 (0.878 – 0.977) and the 1+ proteinuria was closest to the ideal test point. Conclusion: The urine dipstick test can be used an effective screening tool in detecting CKD among diabetics and hypertensives in primary care level with high diagnostic efficacy if proteinuria cut–off taken as dipstick 1+ or more.

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Article: Download PDF   DOI : 10.36106/ijsr  

Cite This Article:

URINE DIPSTICK AS A TOOL FOR SCREENING CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE AMONG DIABETICS & HYPERTENSIVES‾ITS VALIDITY AND UTILITY, Balaji S M, Sudharshini Subramaniam, Sarumathi Varadan INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH : Volume-8 | Issue-5 | May-2019

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