Using Photomicrograph for the Analysis of Chromosomes in Onion (Allium cepa), for Understanding the effect of the Lead (Lead Acetate) and Zinc (Zinc Sulphate) Salts on Chromosome by Sewage Water Irrigation

Dr. Chandan Kumar Sinha; Sarit Pritam Dwibedy; Sudip Mandal; Shruti R Hiremath

Volume : III, Issue : X, October - 2014

Using Photomicrograph for the Analysis of Chromosomes in Onion (Allium cepa), for Understanding the effect of the Lead (Lead Acetate) and Zinc (Zinc Sulphate) Salts on Chromosome by Sewage Water Irrigation

Dr. Chandan Kumar Sinha, Sarit Pritam Dwibedy, Sudip Mandal, Shruti R Hiremath

Abstract :

The aim of the present study was to investigate the genetic effects of some heavy metals on onion (Allium cepa) which is affects human beings directly. Since the beginning of the industrialization, heavy metal pollution of soil and aquatic ecosystems has been significantly increased. The primary reason for actuality of this problem in the human health risk resulting from intake of contaminants through drinking water or through the food chain. Onion is one of the major vegetable crops in India. So for the growing of onion water and soil is required. Untreated sewage water used in agriculture causes biomagnification of heavy metals and it has some genotoxic effects. Onions were obtained commercially and were placed on sand with the tested solutions of two heavy metals. For the control it was used distilled water. When root reached lengths of 2 to 3 cm, they were cut off and incubated with colchicines and fixed with fixative solution containing ethanol and acetic acid in a ratio 1:3. Again incubated with 1N HCl and washed with water. Then fixed roots were placed into staining solution and visualized. Photomicrographs were taken from the well spread preparations. All measurements were taken using the software images. In this study sample 1 has only one type of chromosome that is metacentric, sample 2 has all the three type of chromosome that are metacentric, submetacentric and subtelomeric where the control has two types of chromosome that are metacentric and submetacentric. There had been the change in total chromosome length (TCL), as well as the average chromosome length (ACL), The arm ratio, (p: q) was also affected by the Lead Acetate and Zinc Sulphate.